The white ball and the four black balls below are indeed the Sun and the first four planets which orbit the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
The squiggles next to the planets are their names. Each characteristic piece of a squiggle maps to letters of the alphabet. The letters within the squiggle follow a general template of how they should look but it's shape within a word is also determined by letters adjacent to it. It is somewhat like writing in cursive. The need to connect letters together in a line causes some to morph slightly to fit naturally with its neighbors.
After spending some time I arrived at the following:
have decided
to leave
third planet
following
release of
atomic
weaponry
------------
will return in
twenty
three
hundred
rotations about
star
2300 years + the year of first nuclear weapon testing (1945) = 4245
I choose 69.
Intel E8400 | Intel DG31PR | Kingston 2GB DDR2 800 (x2) | Seasonic S12 II 330W | Geforce 8800GT | WD RE 160GB | M-Audio 2496 | Antec NSK 3480